Genetics and its divisions

Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes and heredity. It also deals with how the traits or certain characteristics are being passed to offsprings from parents. Gene is the basic unit of heredity, and it is the part of DNA which has the information for protein synthesis. The entire set of genes in an organism is called genome. The genome is present in the nucleus in the case of human, animal and plant cell.

Genetics plays a major role in disease diagnosis, personalized treatment for diseases and to identify the likelihood of getting a particular ailment. This all can be understood based on the genetic information. Any changes in the gene can prevent the certain protein synthesis which affect the specific functions. Genome sequencing technology is being used to identify the changes in the gene, and this information can be used for the betterment of human life.

Divisions

Primarily, there are 3 following subdivisions for genetics.

• Transmission genetics (Classical genetics)
• Molecular genetics
• Population genetics

Transmission genetics deals with how the genes are being transferred from one generation to other generation. It mainly focuses on an individual's genetic make up and how it inherits to the following generation. Molecular genetics emphasis on the structure and function of gene. It includes processes such as replication, transcription, translation and gene regulation. Whereas, population genetics studies the genetic makeup of individual members of the same species. It mainly deals with the evolution that is how the genetic make is being changed over time and space.

Other branches of genetics

• Microbial genetics - The study of genetics of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, unicellular plants and animals
• Immunogenetics - The study of the effect of genes on immune response
• Behavioral genetics - The study of the impact of genetic composition on one's behavior
• Human genetics - The study of human hereditary processes and inheritance
• Animal genetics - The study of genes and heredity in animals
• Plant genetics - The study of genes and heredity in plants
• Viral genetics - The study of genetics of viruses
• Cytogenetics - The microscopic study of chromosomes to understand the changes in the chromosome like extra or missing chromosome, broken etc. which lead to genetic diseases
• Clinical genetics - The study of causes and inheritance of genetic disorders

References

• Winchester, A. (2020, May 15). genetics. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/genetics.
• Branches and Importance of Genetics, study&Score. (n.d.). STUDYANDSCORE. https://www.studyandscore.com/studymaterial-detail/branches-of-genetics-importance-of-genetics
• Genetics. (2000). NIGMS. https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/genetics.aspx.
• Genetics, A Conceptual Approch by Benjamin.A.Pierce

               

                Hope you all like the information!

T             Thank you!😊